Staging laparoscopy in patients with advanced gastric cancer: A single center cohort study

BackgroundMost studies exploring the role of staging laparoscopy in gastric cancer are limited by low sample size and are predominantly conducted in Asian countries. This study sets out to determine the value of staging laparoscopy in patients with advanced gastric cancer in a Western population.MethodsAll patients with gastric cancer from a tertiary referral center without definite evidence of non-curable disease after initial staging, and who underwent staging laparoscopy between 2013 and 2020, were identified from a prospectively maintained database. The proportion of patients in whom metastases or locoregional non-resectability was detected during staging laparoscopy was established. Secondary outcomes included the avoidable surgery rate (detection of non-curable disease during gastrectomy with curative intent) and diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative and positive predictive value).ResultsA total of 216 patients were included. Staging laparoscopy revealed metastatic disease in 46 (21.3 %) patients and a non-resectable tumor in three (1.4 %) patients. During intended gastrectomy, non-curable disease was revealed in 13 (8.6 %) patients. Overall sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were 76.6 %, 100 % and 92.6 %, respectively. The positive predictive value was 100 % and the negative predictive value was 90.3 %.ConclusionStaging laparoscopy is valuable in the staging process of gastric cancer with a high accuracy in detecting non-curable disease, thereby preventing futile treatment and its associated burden.     

Surgical management of deep lobe parotid tumours with and without involvement of the parapharyngeal space

The diagnosis and treatment of deep lobe parotid tumours is challenging because of the complex surgical accessibility. There is a lack of studies describing the differences between deep lobe tumours that do and do not occupy the parapharyngeal space (PPS). Patients treated for deep lobe tumours occupying the PPS (PPS group) and not occupying the PPS (non-PPS group) were analysed retrospectively. A total of 227 patients were treated surgically for deep lobe parotid tumours between 1990 and 2019. Sixty patients (26.4%) presented with tumours that involved the PPS (PPS group), while 167 (73.6%) presented with tumours that did not occupy the PPS (non-PPS group). The majority of the PPS group tumours were removed using a transcervical or transcervical–transparotid approach. PPS group tumours were larger (P < 0.001), and tumour spill occurred more frequently in this group (benign tumours: P = 0.002; malignant tumours: P = 0.033). Complication rates did not differ between the PPS and non-PPS groups. A transcervical or transcervical–transparotid approach is the preferred method for the management of deep lobe parotid tumours that occupy the PPS in our practice. Tumour spill occurred more frequently in the PPS group, which is most probably due to the larger tumour size and more complex accessibility.     

早期肠内营养支持对胃癌术后患者肠黏膜屏障功能保护的研究进展

胃癌患者在手术应激状况下，内脏血流减少，肠黏膜处于低灌注状态，易发生肠黏膜损伤。此外，手术刺激可导致肠黏膜充血、水肿、糜烂，加重肠黏膜损伤。近年来，肠内营养被作为保护肠黏膜屏障功能的有效手段。早期肠内营养在肠黏膜屏障功能保护中的作用机制已被证实，然而不同研究结果有一定差异。本研究综述了国内外有关胃癌术后患者行早期肠内营养支持的相关研究，整理、分析既往研究的结论和争议，为早期肠内营养支持的推广应用提供参考。     

Prognostic impact of conservative surgery for pancreatic IPMNs

BackgroundThe extent of pancreatic resection for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) remains an unresolved issue. The study aims at analyzing the prognostic impact of conservative surgery (CS) i.e. of pancreatoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy, versus total pancreatectomy (TP), for pancreatic IPMNs.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed and compared data of patients who had undergone pancreatic resection for IPMNs at our center between November 2007 and April 2019. Patients were divided into two main groups based on the extent of surgery: TP-group and CS-group. Subsequently, the perioperative and the long-term outcomes were compared. Moreover, a sub-group analysis of patients with IPMN alone and patients with malignant IPMN, based on preoperative indications to surgery and post-operative histopathological findings, was also performed.ResultsFifty-three patients were included in the TP-group and 73 in the CS-group. In 50 (39.7%) cases the frozen section changed the pre-operative surgical planning, with an extension of the pancreatic resection, in 43 (34.1%) cases up to a total pancreatectomy. Twenty-six patients (20.6%) with low-grade dysplasia at the frozen section underwent CS, while twenty (15.8%) underwent TP. Comparing these two sub-groups no differences were found in surgical IPMN recurrence, nor progression. The rate of overall postoperative complications was 56.6% in the TP-group and 57.5% in the CS-group (p = 0.940). Fifteen patients (20.5%) developed diabetes in the CS-group.None of the patients treated with CS developed a surgical IPMN recurrence or progression during the follow-up period. Comparing OS and DFS of the two groups, we did not find any statistically significant difference (p = 0.619 and 0.315).ConclusionA timely CS can be considered an appropriate and valid strategy in the surgical treatment of the majority of pancreatic IPMNs, as it can avoid the serious long-term metabolic consequences of TP in patients with a long-life expectancy. On the contrary, TP remains mandatory in case of PDAC or high-risk features involving the entire gland.     

基于CT图像的评分模型预测食管鳞癌喉返神经旁淋巴结转移风险

目的:基于原发肿瘤及淋巴结CT特征建立评分模型预测食管鳞癌患者喉返神经旁淋巴结(RLN-LN)转移风险。方法:回顾性收集2014年1月至2019年12月于北京大学肿瘤医院行食管癌根治术并清扫RLN-LN的92例食管鳞癌患者。根据术后淋巴结病理结果分为RLN-LN转移组(n=37)和非转移组(n=55)。评估术前CT图像,记录食管癌患者年龄、性别、分化程度、肿瘤位置、肿瘤大小(肿瘤长度、肿瘤厚度、厚度/长度)、RLN-LN大小(淋巴结短径、长径、短径/多平面重建(MPR)最长径]。采用多元logistic回归筛选独立预测因子并建立评分模型,采用ROC曲线评估评分模型及独立预测因子诊断RLN-LN转移的效能,采用Z检验比较曲线下面积(AUC)的差异。应用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验和校准曲线评估模型拟合度。结果:肿瘤位置、肿瘤长度、RLN-LN短径、短径/MPR最长径是RLN-LN转移的独立预测因子,其诊断RLN-LN转移的AUC分别为0.586、0.705、0.831、0.777。基于以上4个CT特征建立评分模型,评分模型诊断RLN-LN转移的AUC为0.903(95%CI 0.846~0.959),优于各单一CT特征(Z=5.812,P<0.001;Z=2.161,P=0.030;Z=2.929,P=0.003;Z=4.052,P<0.001)。拟合优度Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果显示P=0.555,校准曲线提示评分模型预测RLN-LN转移风险与实际转移风险之间具有良好的一致性。结论:基于CT图像的评分模型有助于食管鳞癌RLN-LN转移状态危险分层。     

构建靶向血管内皮生长因子受体2可调控活性的嵌合抗原受体T细胞及其体外功能验证

目的构建靶向血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR2)可调控活性的小分子门控嵌合抗原受体T(smgCAR-T)细胞系统并在体外验证其抗肿瘤和可调节活性。方法采用基因全长合成和磷酸钙转染法构建smgCAR-T及其阳性(CAR+-T)和阴性(CAR--T)对照细胞。同时构建表达VEGFR2的小鼠结直肠癌细胞(MCA38VEGFR2+)。验证并筛选构建成功的细胞后再体外验证CAR-T细胞靶向结合能力。在不同的效靶比下检测白细胞介素-2和肿瘤坏死因子-γ的浓度来评估CAR-T细胞的体外分泌功能,用乳酸脱氢酶浓度评估CAR-T细胞的体外抗肿瘤活性。组间的比较采用t检验或单因素方差分析。结果基因测序和流式细胞术证实CAR-T细胞和靶细胞构建成功。与对照组比较,CAR+-T细胞+MCA38VEGFR2+组具有最强的靶细胞杀伤能力。在smgCAR-T细胞+MCA38VEGFR2+组中,随着C16-(S)-3-甲基吲哚雷帕霉素(Rapalog)滴度升高靶细胞杀伤率逐渐升高;当Rapalog为40 nmol/L时杀伤率达到最大值,为(66.25±13.20)%。分别向smgCAR-T细胞+MCA38VEGFR2+细胞组(A和B组)加入40 nmol/L的Rapalog后,在24 h时可观察到两组杀伤率出现同步升高[(44.25±6.24)%比(49.25±5.56)%,t=1.197,P>0.05],差异无统计学意义。在置换培养基后,再次添加了Rapalog的A组中观察到靶细胞杀伤率升高明显;而未再次添加Rapalog的B组中靶细胞杀伤率升高缓慢;此时,A和B组杀伤率差异有统计学意义[(89.00±3.16)%比(56.50±6.61)%,t=8.873,P<0.01]。结论构建的smgCAR-T细胞在体外展现出一定的抗肿瘤活性,且其活性受小分子化合物Rapalog的可逆调控。     

幽门螺杆菌及胃蛋白酶原、胃泌素17水平在胃癌前病变诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)与胃蛋白酶原(PG)、胃泌素17(G17)与胃癌前病变的相关性。方法 选取在我院行胃镜检查的患者856例,其中471例病理检出癌前病变的患者为病例组,385例未检出癌前病变的患者为对照组。病例组按病理诊断结果分为慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)组157例,肠化(IM)组153例,低级别上皮内瘤变(LGIN)组82例,高级别上皮内瘤变(HGIN)组79例。检测各组H.pylori感染分型及PG、G17水平。结果 CAG组Ⅰ型感染率高于对照组(P<0.05);CAG组PGⅠ 低于对照组(P<0.05);IM组、LGIN组、HGIN组PGⅡ高于对照组(P<0.05);CAG组、IM组、LGIN组、HGIN组PGⅠ/PGⅡ(PGR)均低于对照组(P<0.05);LGIN组、HGIN组G17均高于对照组(P<0.05);PGⅠ、PGⅡ、G17与H.pylori感染阳性存在正相关,PGR与H.pylori感染阳性存在负相关(P<0.05)。结论 H.pylori感染分型、PG、G17水平与胃癌前病变密切相关,检测H.pylori感染分型、PG、G17对于早期筛查胃癌前病变具有重要价值。